Squalane can be extracted from various sources, including:

Plant extraction: purified from plants such as olives, rice bran, wheat germ…etc

Plant fermentation: squalene is fermented from sugar cane then hydrogenated to form Squalane

Animal source: from shark liver oil but it is a very rare source in present-day Squalane products

Hyaluronic Acid: a skin soothing and hydrating ingredient suitable for all skin types and especially beneficial to calm sensitive and irritated skin. Lower molecular weights of this ingredient provides below-the-surface hydration, working in synergy with Squalane to lock-in moisture from the surface to reduce TEWL (transepidermal water loss).

Ceramides: functions as the glue that fills cellular junctions on skin surface, working in complementary ways with Squalane - an hydrogenated analogy of Squalene, a natural component of our sebum - to fortify skin barrier.

Rosehip Seed Oil: extracted from the seeds of wildrose and contains a significant amount of phytonutrients including fatty acids, vitamins, trace minerals, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agents to maintain healthy skin. Works well with Squalane in formulas that prevent premature ageing by reducing moisture loss and boosting skin regeneration with a wealth of nutrients.